KES The Play Essay Example

KES The Play Essay The play Kes depicts the life of a fifteen years of age, Billy Casper, who lives with is mother, Mrs. Casper, and his progression sibling Jud. The play happens during and after Billys a days ago at school. It shows the way Billy was feeling toward his falcon, and the manner in which he was influenced by it. The play takes various stages to develop the plot, Billy sees the bird of prey in the homesteads close by his home, getting dazzled by the manner in which it lives, gets its food, takes care of its youngs. Billy begins to have musings about having a bird of prey as a pet or as a creature that he would mind after, and save for himself. The story happens in the environmental factors of Billys life: his home; newsagent, as he works there for Mr. Doorman; Macs house, as the play gives the feeling that he is the main companion he has, aside from the contention and battles they have had in the school; the open library as Billy has scratched a book about falconry that had helped him to manage his bird of prey and gave him the information he expected to take great consideration of his falcon; the school that Billy joins in, as the play takes a few sections in the school and as he faces some difficulty there; and some nearby shops that he cruises by. We will compose a custom article test on KES The Play explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on KES The Play explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on KES The Play explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Billy isn't invited by the individuals he lives with as it appears in his conduct with them, his disposition towards them, and their conduct and the manner in which they treat him. His mom toward the start of the play blamed him for having fags, even idea she seemed like not being certain, and afterward she approached him for a few things to get her before setting off to his school. I think because of her blaming him for having fags he would not get her the cigarettes and different things she requested, giving a reason that he will be behind schedule for school. Occasionally later Billy goes to Macs house, as he required somebody to go with to the flying creatures home, watching them fly, land, feed and take care of there kids. Macintoshes mother abused him by disclosing to him bugger off you turf, as a prize of tossing a handfull of soil at the window after she would not wake up Mac giving reasons that its still ahead of schedule for him to hang out. Billy and his sibling Jud dont live a decent relationship, it goes on toward the start of the play, as Jud won't set the alert for Billy, he depletes the milk pot so he wont leave any for Billy, being critical with Billy Jud attempts to persuade him that he will just look for some kind of employment down the pit after he completes school, for that Billy eats Juds snap that Jud has arranged for work. In any case, Billy does whatever it takes not to consider working there as it appears from the manner in which he was conversing with the educator when he was extending to an employment opportunity down the pit, however Jud continue disclosing to him that he cannot work down the pit either in light of the fact that he cannot peruse and compose or either on the grounds that he isn't sufficiently extreme to work there as he considers him a weedy little bugger. As things were go on acceptable with his work supervisor Mr. Doorman in his newsagent shop until Billy shakes the stepping stool that Mr.Porter was remaining on, intentionally that made Mr. Watchman calls him You cumbersome youthful bugger. Mr. Watchman was very stressed that Billy probably won't have the option to convey every one of his papers at time, as his sibling Jud have taken his bicycle, and that may cause him some misfortune in his shops benefit if Billy conveys the papers later than he is assumed. I discover that these individuals treat him for the most part similarly, yet with a distinction from one to the next. I think Billy prefers to have discussions with individuals despite the fact that he dont know them, as when he was conveying his papers in the early morning, in the wake of leaving Mr. Doormen newsagent, and saw the milkman who began a discussion with Billy about having something to convey his papers with regardless of whether its a Third class riding which is better than top notch strolling, as the milkman might suspect, yet as indicated by Billy that is nothing but bad as he says that it do close to five miles for every hour, and that he can do quicker on a children bike.

Corporate Governance in ICT

Question: Examine about the Corporate Governance in ICT. Answer: Presentation: At the Leal innovation, it is discovered that, the organization gives system and framework security benefits and has a proper IT administration arrangement. This organization is an ESET overseen Security specialist organization that furnishes the security to its clients with the assistance of ESET NOD32 programming. Thusly, as the new dangers are recognized that are unsafe for the customers framework, the administrations will caution the customers. The conventional IT administration set up will be useful in offering legitimate types of assistance to the customers along these lines accomplishing the corporate targets utilizing appropriate utilization of the accessible IT framework. As I am filling in as an understudy at Leal Technology Company, I have the obligation of introducing programming applications on workstations and servers. In course of finishing my obligations, I went over a circumstance where I need to introduce programming that will help in the confirmation procedure inside the association. This application intended to be running constantly in foundation and permit access to the customer records simply after the effective finish of the confirmation procedure. The establishment of this particular application is done as per the Australian standard of ICT (AS8015). The principle target of the previously mentioned Australian standard is to deal with the security of the IT foundation at the association. The introduced application finishes the accompanying functionalities, The application guarantees and authorizes the privacy of the customer and business information put away 8n the database servers. It ensures that. The information is accessible just to the expected clients and specialists. The product is additionally guarantees the respectability of the database framework at Leal innovation organization by monitoring the sign in and sign outs by the various authorities. Notwithstanding that, it likewise monitors the archive or information that are being seen or adjusted by the various individuals who signed in to the framework at various occasions As a piece of my entry level position, I need to oversee and improve the presentation of the customer's record keeping database server. I have the duty to keep up all the record with the most noteworthy conceivable degree of exactness. This obligation of keeping the records with exactness is created in consistence with the Public records act 2002. The motivation behind dealing with the database with the consistence of the Public records act 2002 is to convey the accompanying functionalities The records must be held and recognized in an effectively open arrangement, so that at whatever point required the records can be in a split second answered to the legislature and administrative specialists. A framework at the association is kept up for the recognizable proof and demolition of the records that are devouring superfluous stockpiling. Then again this framework will be useful in protecting the data that is considered as advantage for Leal Technology Company. Distinctive business exercises, hierarchical exercises and network advancement exercises must be followed by the rules of the previously mentioned open record rule. The framework ought to smooth out the procedures of maintenance and removal of the records of the matter of Leal Technology Company. Book reference Austlii.edu.au. (2016).PUBLIC RECORDS ACT 2002. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/qld/consol_act/pra2002153/[Accessed 5 Nov. 2016]. Feltus, C., 2012. Presenting ISO/IEC 38500: Corporate Governance in ICT.ITSMF Jaarcongres 2008, pp.27-28.

The Years of the Rat

The Years of the Rat Following up on JKims entry about excitement for the unveiling of the ring, heres a bit of history and background. Each class year at MIT officially gathers three times once, at the beginning, for the freshman picture; once, at the end, for graduation; and once, halfway through, for the unveiling of the class ring. The design process begins in freshman year with the highly competitive process of choosing the ring committee, or RingComm, of 12 class members, students representing different MIT walks of life. The RingComm next solicits bids for the very lucrative ring contract: 90% of all students will purchase the ring in a typical year; one company actually shuts down their factory for the one week each year of prime MIT ring-buying. Using imagery representing events from their first two years at MIT, and drawing upon suggestions and ideas of the entire class, RingComm designs the ring over a six-month period, unveils it at an extravagant event, and stages a lavish delivery ceremony. How did this all start? The history of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Class Ring dates back to the spring of 1929. C. Brigham Allen, President of the Class of 1929, appointed a ring committee consisting of members from the classes of 1930, 1931, and 1932. Their mission was to design a ring to be used as the Standard Technology Ring. The committees first decision was whether to use the beaver or the Great Dome on the ring bezel. After much debate, the committee decided to adorn the bezel of the ring with the beaver and have a three-piece construction, with MIT and the class year each appearing on a separate shank. Thus the Brass Rat was born as a tradition at MIT. Yes, the ring is known as the Brass Rat. Why? Because it is made of gold and features a beaver on the front. Why a beaver? Another interesting story. In 1914, Lester Gardner of the MIT Club of New York proposed a mascot to President Richard Maclaurin. We first thought of the kangaroo, which, like Tech, goes forward by leaps and bounds. Then we considered the elephant. He is wise, patient, strong, hard working, and like all those who graduate from Tech, has a good tough hide. But neither of these were American animals. We turned to [William Temple] Hornadays book on the animals of North America and instantly chose the beaver. The beaver not only typifies the Tech [student], but his habits are peculiarly our own. The beaver is noted for his engineering, mechanical skills, and industry. His habits are nocturnal. He does his best work in the dark. Now that you have all that background on this important aspect of MIT tradition, I want to use todays entry to catalog the recent history of Brass Rat designs, focusing on the bezel, or front, of the ring. Lets start with the Rat which was just unveiled: the Class of 2010 Brass Rat. The Class of 2009 Brass Rat: The Class of 2008 Brass Rat: The Class of 2007 Brass Rat: The Class of 2006 Brass Rat: The Class of 2005 Brass Rat: The Class of 2004 Brass Rat: The Class of 2003 Brass Rat (stainless steel option shown): The Class of 2002 Brass Rat: The Class of 2001 Brass Rat: And finally, the Class of 2000 Brass Rat (the one currently on my right hand): Which Rat is your favorite? [updated from a previous entry, which shortly thereafter became a Wikipedia page] Post Tagged #Brass Rat

African Literature and Culture - 1447 Words

African Literature and Culture: African writers’ representation of male-female relationships Analyzing male-female relationships in African literature enables a better understanding of how African writers view the gender roles including the application of religious aspects, marriage and identity, midwives and slave women, nationalism, and migration. In earlier works, the female gender was often perceived as â€Å"the Queen Mother.† Many African writers portray women in traditional roles whereas articles written in the past few decades analyze male-female relationships with a more feminist approach. This paper will analyze articles by leading African writers concerning the representation of the male-female relationship. In 1997, Jamaica†¦show more content†¦No matter the make-up of the class †¦ overwhelmingly folks want to come back as white and male. The reasons they give all confirm the race/sex hierarchy in our nation; they all simply believe they will have a better chance at success a nd at living long and well if they are white males. (Hooks 134) Most African female writers portray the male-female relationship are unequal to the female, where as male writers portray the opposite (e.g. Hook’s writing; 2004). Hooks explains the view that â€Å"wise progressive black women have understood for some time now that the most genocidal threat to black life in America, and especially to black male life, is patriarchal thinking and practice.† (Ibid) Hooks explains that â€Å"any distinction to be made between the status of black females and males†¦does not lie with a difference in the substantive nature of suffering or in the degree of life-threatening risk.† (135) An example of Hooks’ thinking is given: †¦my father never wanted Mama to work, but she understood that to ensure the educational advancement of her children she needed to bring money in. She defied him to go out and work. Working helped her self-esteem. She moved positively forward and helped us all move forward, and Dad stayed stuck, pissed that she went out to work. (136) Unlike Hooks’ peers, the inclusion of the male-female gender is an unrestrained account what life is really like for each gender, including the stereotypicalShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of African Literature879 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican literature  is defined  as  literary  works of the  African  continent.  African literature  consists of a body of work written in many languages and encompasses various genres, ranging from oral  literature  to  literature  written in colonial languages (â€Å"African Literature†). This is the dictionary definition of African literature, but African literature is far more than this. You cannot define it in two sentences because it is very complex and transcends race, culture, languages, and borders. AfricanRead MoreNew Negro Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesThe abolition of slavery in the United States presented southern African Americans with many new opportunities, including the option of relocation in search of better living conditions. 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College essay topics to write about the Partnership - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1987 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Building Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Abstract In recent years Partnering as received significant attention within the construction industry because of the purported benefits this approach brings to the parties involved. Furthermore partnering is a means through which the recommendations of the (1998) Egan Report, a client driven, target focused and integrated approach that is based on alliances rather than confrontation. Partnering also is a mechanism through which Best Value may be achieved. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "College essay topics to write about the Partnership" essay for you Create order This dissertation focuses on a specific public sector partnering project (the Midlothian New Housing Construction Partnership). The Partnership was initiated by Midlothian Council, during 2003, to carry out  £105 million worth of work on a new social housing programme over 5 years. The overall partnership includes client project team, four project management teams alongside Design Teams and Contractors working on individual sites in a collective beneficial manner. The study designed to provide a narrative account of this stage that explains how partnering was established and developed. Furthermore is to highlight strengths and weaknesses of the Midlothian Partnership compared to suggested practice. Partnering was investigated by the use of a web-based survey questionnaire method. The Questionnaire design was based on an extensive review of the literature dealing with partnering. The opinions of parties involved were assessed in relation to the success fact ors, major difficulties and benefits of partnering. Partnering is acknowledged within the literature reviewed as delivering a number of tangible benefits. This study confirms a number of these assertions since the findings indicate a broad agreement tat both the process and the outcomes of partnered projects are beneficial. Respondents believe that partnering can bring significant benefits, including fewer adversarial relationships and increased end-customer satisfaction. However, the risks and barriers are real and must be considered. If all parties work together to control risk events and prevent barriers occurring, then partnering projects should succeed. In sum, partnering can and does work, but all project participants must re-think their attitudes and work to make projects more efficient, successful and free of conflict. Abbreviations BAA British Airports Authority BV- Best Value CBPP- Construction Best Practice Programme CCT- Compulsory Competitive Tendering CIB- Construction Industry Board CII- Construction Industry Institute CT- Construction Team ECI- European Construction Institute EU- European Union F CM- Facilities Construction Manager GPD- Gross Domestic Product HFVN- Housing for Varying Needs HTML- Hyper Text Mark-up Language IRP- Issue Resolution Protocol KPIs- Key Performance Indicators LA- Local Authority MSc- Master of Science M4I- Movement of Innovation MNHCP- Midlothian New Housing Construction Partnership NAO- National Audit Office NEC- New Engineering Contract P21- NHS ProC21ure PPC- Project Partnering Contract PPP- Public Private Partnership UK- United Kingdom Chapter 1.0 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Introduction Rationale for the Research The Construction industry is a very competitive and risky business. It is faced with many problems such as little co-operation, limited trust, and ineffective communication often resulting in an adversarial relationship among all project stakeholders. This type of adversarial relationship is likely to result in construction delays, difficulty in resolving claims, cost over runs, litigation, and a win-lose climate (Moore et al, 1992). In recent times, there has been a growing awareness that accepting the lowest priced bid does not always provide the best value for money. Over the past decade, partnering as been acknowledged in UK as an innovative and non-adversarial approach to the procurement of construction services in the industry. Successive UK construction industry review reports (namely the Latham Report, 1994; the Egan Report, 1998; NAO Report, 2001) rightly emphasised the importance of the partnering arrangements in order to facilitate team working across contract ual boundaries. The use of partnering is becoming more frequent in UK Public Sector construction projects because of the potential benefits that can be achieved from the effective implementation of the project partnering arrangement. In theory, the benefits Partnering brings to a project are straightforward and simple: Projects are done on time and within budget; Problems are pro-actively solved and individuals work together to minimise road blocks; People walk away from a project feeling great about what they have accomplished; There are no residual disagreements or litigation claims after project completion. However, despite this, many organisations are still reluctant to embark on the partnering route or are failing to apply a structured approach to lead to major value enhancements in timelines; quality and lower costs and project partnering is not always successful. This study examines the strengths and weaknesses of partnering in practice and explores the factors that promote or inhibit the development of partnering relationships. The partnering approach and process will be examined through a case study of relatively large-scale partnering project currently undertaken by Midlothian Council. This study concentrates upon this particular project because it offers a chance to explore the very different approach used and to investigate partnering benefits; critical success factors; partnering relationship and communication; as well as major difficulties in partnering implementations. Supporting Literature The UK construction industry has attracted a great deal of criticism in recent years for its inability to meet the needs of its clients. Seminal reports by Latham (1994) ad Egan (1998) both identified a pressing need for change. Subsequently, the UK construction industry has embarked on a sustained campaign to overcome its perceived performance problems through a number of initiatives and radically different approaches to the procurement and management of construction projects. Latham and Egan agendas have concentrated on improving interactions between clients and lead contractors, and in particular the formation of partnerships and strategic alliances (Himes, 1995; Barlow et al, 1997; Crane et al, 19975, Bresnen and Marshall, 1998). Partnering can be regarded as a strategic arrangement whereby a contractor is engaged in a series of projects with the aim of lowering costs and improving efficiency, or can be a short term single project arrangement (Harris and McCaffer, 20 01). Partnerships can operate independently of strategic alliances, where collaborators, having demonstrated, a commitment through previous behavioural attitudes, co-operate and share resources in pursuit of common goals. Thus, each team member is jointly anchored to the process (Walker at al., 2000). Alliances can range in scope from an informal business relationship to a joint venture agreement, the common feature being that collaborators work towards a joint goal. Partnering represents perhaps the most significant development to date as a means of improving project performance, whilst offering direct benefits to the whole supply chain (Dozzi et al., Larson and Drexler, 1997). Several other studies indicate that there is a little doubt about the positive aspects of partnering arrangements. Barrick (1998) identifies instances of comparable success: groups such as Esso, Sainsburys and the British Airports Authority (BAA) are reported to have reached savings of 4 0% on costs and 70% on time. Other research is similarly optimistic in claiming that there is a desire to move beyond narrow self-interest towards a spirit of co-operation and trust (Wood and McDermott), 1999) and that partnering can indeed lead to benefits for all parties (Hamza et al., 1999). Lamont (2001) even suggests empowered as a direct result of partnering and thereby work together more effectively. Indeed, as Bresnen and Marshall (2002) observe, the literature is replete with case study examples of successful partnerships. It comes as no surprise, therefore, that a considerable number of clients and contracting organizations are now adopting a partnering strategy within their relationships. However, there is a less critical analysis of the nature of partnering in practice and whether the claims made for it are consistently justified. Much of the partnering literature tends to concentrate on success stories, which are largely anecdotal and focus on the experien ces of exemplar organizations. Dainty et al. (2001) express related concerns in the sub-contract arena pointing to a fundamental mistrust and scepticism within existing supply chain relationships and a need for attitudinal change. Greenwood (2001) concludes that typical contractor/subcontractor relationships are still cost-driven and potentially adversarial. Similarly, Packham et al (2003) suggest that partnering may not offer many tangible benefits to small construction enterprises and often has a detrimental effect upon the contractor/subcontractor relationship. At the same time, there is also a recognized need for more research into partnering (Bresnen and Marshall, 2000; Lazar, 2000; Li et al., 2000). Research Objectives The aim of this dissertation is to provide a comprehensive study of construction partnering in general, and to specifically examine in detail a current case study of a major partnering housing project. The following tasks are identified as specific dissertation objectives: To review the relevant historic and current literature on partnering theory and practice and in so doing to To review the relevant historic and current literature on partnering theory and practice and in so doing to a. Examine the strengths and weaknesses of partnering; b. Explore the factors that promote or inhibit the implementation of partnering; c. Determine what barriers exist to the implementation of partnering; 2 To evaluate the Midlothian Councils adoption of partnering and in so doing to examine the partnering arrangement used by the Council and compare it against best practice; assess the current state of the project by evaluating the perceptions of the partners involved in the project; identify the specific concerns, barriers, and other problems limiting its effectiveness and; Identify the lessons learned so far and the critical factors that facilitate its successful adoption. Hypothesis The following are the hypothesis, which need to be tested in this dissertation: Partnering is beneficial to the public sector if the significant barriers can be overcome. 1.5 Research Methodology The research adopts a combination of literature review, analysis of a case study of a current partnered project and a questionnaire survey. The research methodology has been developed as follows: The first step of the methodology was to review the recent literature and examine the recent research findings on construction partnering. The information has been extracted from various sources. Published books and research papers have been used to develop the methodology. Construction Journals, management journals, Government reports, and public releases of information from ongoing or completed partnering related studies have been used to compile information. The review is essential as it allows an overall knowledge and understanding of the subject and facilitates focusing on the aims and objectives of this research. The second step was to examine and analyse a current case study to investigate the characteristics of both successful and unsuccessful partnering ef fort. The material for the case study mostly collected from Midlothian Construction Service project files. The partnering data was collected for comparing the partnering approach and processes used against recommended best practice (Identified in the Literature Review). In order to accomplish the aims and objectives of the research, a questionnaire survey was used as the primary research method. The level of in-depth analysis and flexibility required to complete the study required a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. The questionnaire contained closed and open-ended questions handed to participants involved in the project. This method provides sufficient level of investigation for a construction research and allows research data to be collected quickly, for less cost, it is also suggested that a better rate of return can be achieved (Kate Carter and Chris Fortune 2004), provided that the following considerations were taken into account: The questions have to be properly designed to ensure all the relevant data required for the research are collected; The questionnaire has to be tested before being handed to the participants The opinions of various parties (clients, consultants, and contractors) sought and evaluated in relation to the partnered project to identify success factors, common threads and problem areas. The analysis is then presented in tables, graphics or charts to illustrate the results that obtained from the survey. Then, the research questions are used as the guide to test the hypothesis as well as to conclude the findings by determining the aims and objectives of the research. Finally, conclusions from the survey and case study, recommendations made where appropriate. The limitation of the research will then be discussed followed by a statement of further possible research suggested by this study.

The Franks Free Essays

The Franks is about a group of loosely related Germanic ‘barbarian’ tribes that from the third to eighth centuries CE would occupy, and eventually conquer and settle most of the Western Roman province of Gaul which would later come to be known as France, or â€Å"Frankland†. The Franks are portrayed in this documentary as a ‘plague’ to Rome, but one group the Salians to the north of the Rhine River, were actually quite assimilated to Roman Culture and even ided as a buffer between Rome and other invading Barbarians. The Franks were first recognized as an â€Å"auxiliary’ people by the Romans during the reign of Merovech whom is best remembered for being the first leader of the Salian Franks and the original founder of the royal line. We will write a custom essay sample on The Franks or any similar topic only for you Order Now His triumph over the Huns to the west and their neighboring barbarians, the Ostrogoths at Chalons, Gaul in 451 CE recognized his great power, and also paved the way for his son Childeric l. Childeric established ajor territorial conquest during his reign, triumphing over the invading Visigoths to the south, and the Saxons to the southwest in aid to the Romans. His role as a Barbarian ally to the Romans played an important role in The Franks further expanse into Gaul. Childeric continued to rein for twenty-four years until his death in 481 CE, at which time his son Clovis I took control. Clovis I was regarded as the most influential ruler of the Salians, and the â€Å"real† founder of the Merovingian Dynasty; the ame of which was derived from his grandfather Merovech. Clovis was a Pagan like many Franks were at his time, but is allegedly known for having converted to Orthodox (Catholic) Christianity to gain the politic support of the Gallo-Romans (Christians), though it may be argued his wife was the reason for his conversion. Clovis was considered ‘ruthless’ in his tactics to gain complete control of Gaul by murdering every potential rival Frankish leader, even those in his own family. This omination in bloodshed across Gaul is what gives the Frankish people their true identity reinventing them not as barbarians, but as The Franks. Gaul becomes known as Frankia, and later France, and the legacy of a people and their Dynasty which will last for nearly two-hundred years setting the framework for Western Europe. How to cite The Franks, Papers

Performance Measurement and Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Performance Measurement and Management. Answer: Introduction: Human resource management is the essential part for the effective business operations in every company. For the discussion, famous retail company Tesco is selected. Tesco is famous as the largest company in the private sector of UK. In current time, there are around 360000 employees working in Tesco. Now, company is operating in almost 12 countries including Japan, UK, China and Turkey. Core business operations of the company are in the grocery sector. Tesco has diversified its range of products and services such as mobile phones and personal finance. The report provides human resource system and organizational chart to analyze that how HR can contribute and impact on the growth and success of the company (Zhao, 2014). The organizational structure of Tesco is hierarchical that reflects large size of the business. At the store level, there are four layers of management in large stores. The organizational structure of Tesco is described below. It is essential to note down that the given structure is not rigid for all the Tesco stores as some stores are operating with the different structure including their size, location, and various specific factors. In case of human resource system of Tesco, there is the guest model which describes overall strategy of human resource management. The human resource system of the company is divided into five different stages i.e. HRM practices, HR outcomes, behavioral outcomes performance outcome and financial outcomes. The human resource department of the company depends upon five basic activities such as recruiting the employees, training and development of the employees, performance appraisal, compensation and improvement of the employees. In the HRM system of Tesco, there are various activities such as recruitment talent analysis, programs to retain the employees, provision of good working environment and ensuring the employees to be treated equally. Based on some frameworks, human resource of the company will be successful in achieving organizational goals (Khalid Rehman, 2010). In the legislative framework, there are some laws which have to followed by the company i.e. health and safety act 1974, working time regulations 1998 and parental leave 2008. There would be new performance management based on the role of employees, objective of work and types of appraisal. HR managed will, try to implement 360 degree feedback to understand the performance of the employees. Company trains employees on the disaster management which is positive for the staff. The staff receives such training so that customers can shop with safety as staff is responsive and trained. In terms of human resource model, Tesco will be evaluated on using range of various models to make sure that is meeting its core business objectives. For the rewards and wages, Tesco will be in line with the existing laws and rules and pay salaries based on the minimum wage law. With the increase of annual profit, the salaries and rewards will also be increased for the employees. Such rewarding of talent wou ld have positive impact on the employees as well as company (Syed Yah, 2012). Organizational and business ethics framework- In the business and organizational ethics framework of Tesco, human resource would focus on the principles of ethics rather than providing products and services. In this manner, human resource will be focused on the implementation of standards related to right, wrong fairness and other behavioral practice in the company. Ethics would be helpful in sharing the decisions taken by the management. Human resource management would need to train the employees with the expertise for ensuring the key skills sets among the employees. In Tesco, managers can identify the needs of training support by the performance measurement of the employees. Further, managers can identify the needs of training based on the analysis of three needs i.e. industry-related needs, job-related needs and task-related needs. Managers can also use some assessment methods for identifying the needs of training like organizational perspective, task related perspectives and individual assessment. By focusing on every type of training need before moving forward in the business, managers would implement best course of action for the company. Each assessment will be helpful in improving various aspects of the company and develop specific training programs to address essential gaps in the company. By these assessments, managers would also be able to improve effectiveness of the company (Waal Kourtit, 2013). Human resource return It is estimated that the cost of the project of human resource is $230,000. It is also assumed that benefit of the project for 1st year is $430,000. So based these assumptions, human resource return on investment is as follows: HROI= Net project benefits / Projects costs Cost of the project = $230,000 Benefits of project (1st year) = $430,000 So, HROI = $430,000-$230,000 / $230,000 = 0.87 x 100 =87% There are number of legal regulations that are needed to be considered by the HR managers while formulating the business operations. Employment protection is one of the major areas that directly impacts to the process of HR policy development in Tesco. Further, health and safety are primary factors as per the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. Equality rules have to be followed by Tesco under Equality act 2010 to protect employees from discrimination. One of the important aspects of HR department is related to the development of the various tactics and strategies for the organizational growth. The management of Tesco is focused on the HR strategies for achieving corporate objectives. For this manner, HR managers are focused on motivating employees for the business activities. It is an important part as more motivated employees, better would be their performance. HR is focused in developing the workplace environment more effective for the employees. Further, training and development sessions are also conducted on the regular basis so workforce can be enhanced and motivated efficiently (Briscoe, Schuler Claus, 2011). Performance measurement In Tesco, performance management system has aim to ensure the business objectives are met by the employees. It is the strategic tool to measure the performance of the employees at work. By the performance management system, company is able to analyze individual and groups performance and competencies objectives. For implementing performance management in the company, managers should considered integrated training facility to provide essential training based status and responsibility of the employees to achieve performance goal. In performance management system of Tesco, there are six components i.e. Performance planning in the performance management system, Performance appraisal and review, Feedback on the performance of employees by managers, Pay and reward system i.e. annual compensation, bonus, perks and rewards etc Performance improvement plans by training, mentoring or coaching, and Potential appraisal of employees including promotion and growth plan (Aguinis, 2013) Managing HR contacts To manage the HR contracts in the company Tesco, there is the need the need to adopt an effective system of process. The steps for managing the contract are described below: Reviewing the existing contracts and making appropriate changes, Making clear that what changes are required and comparing them with the original contract, Sending changed documents to the employees, making them comment, amendments or flag any kind of queries and send back to the management, Keep the track of all the comments done by the employees, Review and incorporate the changes as required, and Sending changed contracts back to the employees for the approval and acceptance (Gurbuz, 2009). References Aguinis, H., (2013), Performance management, (3rd), NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall Briscoe, D.R., Schuler, R.S., Claus, L., (2011), IHRM: Policies and Practices for Multinational Enterprises, (3rd), Routledge: Chapman Hall Gurbuz, S., (2009), The effect of high performance HR practices on employees job satisfaction: Istanbul University Journal of The School Of Business Administration, 38, 110-123 Khalid, G., Rehman, M. Z., (2010), Impact of HRM Practices on Orginizational Performance: NUML Journal Management and Technology, 16-27 Syed, N., Yah, L., (2012), Impact of High Performance Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Job Satisfaction: Empirical Analysis: Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4(2), 318-342 Waal, A., Kourtit, K., (2013), Performance Measurement and Management in Practice: International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 62(5), pp. 446-473 Zhao, S., (2014), Analyzing and Evaluating Critically Tesco's Current Operations Management: Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4(4), 184

Chaucer and Sophocles Views on Gender Equality

Introduction Chaucer and Sophocles are some of the new generation writers though their writings are based on a number of centuries ago. Their works, â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† and â€Å"The Three Theban plays,† respectively, are innovative piece of writings and are used as vehicles for serious history and story telling.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chaucer and Sophocles Views on Gender Equality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their main agenda is to attempt to show their readers what it was like to be a woman in the United States, particularly during the Ancient Greek period and the Middle Ages. These authors shed light on women’s life, and therefore want the readers to understand a term that comes with many underlying meanings: gender equality. As the authors delve into this issue, they present the readers with a view that women also have the ability of a second thought. Analysis The St atus of Women during this Period Beforehand, women were perceived as inferior and lived according to the rules stipulated to guide the family settings, making them lack a sense of identity in the society. The gender inequality has been addressed where the authors concentrate on the psychological mind of the women as well as their expressive aspects. The minds of the women are probed in an attempt to determine why they behaved as such. The authors attempt to compare their mindsets with that of their male counterparts. Chaucer (1990) illustrates how the Wife of Bath commences her tale with a rape case. This depicts the presence of male dominance over women, since rape serves the purpose of gratifying male sexual urge and, at the same time, humiliating the women. This incident in â€Å"The Canterbury Tales,† thus, brings to light the issues to do with gender dominion, with men dominating the women in the family setting. The women involved play a critical role in representing wom en’s voices. The writings further show that the women cannot fully entrust any ruling made by a male judge since he always treated women’s plea in contempt. Sophocles (1984) illustrates the manner in which Antigone expresses her views, stating that the current ruler of Thebes, Creon, on grounds of carrying out family affairs, has humiliated her. And even as Antigone expresses displeasure over the manner in which the current king treats her, Creon, who is also her uncle, continues to defend his status, claiming that women cannot fully understand men’s point of view unless the men decide to disclose their thoughts. His assertion, therefore, is a clear indication that women were marginalized within the family settings. Likewise, this incident brings to light the issue of gender inequality with a view of revealing the women’s position: failure to entrust state laws simply because men who have a total disregard for women in the society make them.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Authors’ Opinion on Women The ideas presented by the Chaucer’s works try to portray the writer’s point of view: that the Wife of Bath, under all cost, pursues gender equality, and more so, dominating the male gender. This is evidenced by the fact that her speech is characterized by self promoting words, which portray a picture of aggressiveness that attempts to be equal with men and even rule over them. This is clearly portrayed when she quotes that she endeavors to make her husband a debtor as well as a slave (Chaucer 1990). Likewise, the idea presented by the Sophocles works discloses that Antigone is ready to contest with Creon in as far as gender equality is concerned. This is confirmed by the fact that she believes in divine powers, which act as the final arbiter to her decisions, not the king’s laws (Sophocles, 1984). And as such, she went ahead and buried her brother, claiming that the king’s judgments are inconsequential in as far as family issues are concerned. With this information at hand, it is clear that the authors are trying to portray that issues of gender dominion fostered the problems that women faced during this period. This stems from the fact that the women demanded to have their voices heard, but the men would not hear of it. The authors further reveal that women experiencing gender inequality always have a second thought. How the Authors Expressed Themselves The authors expressed their views in the best image and were considerate on the interests of all the women with regard to typical issues affecting them in the society. This is evident in the â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† as the queen states that a judge cannot rule over the case of the loathly lady because he is biased against all women (Chaucer, 1990). This is also evident in â€Å"The Three Theban Plays,† as Antigone dec lares that she does not recognize state laws because they take less concern on the welfare of all the women in the society (Sophocles, 1984). However, Chaucer ridicules the manner in which women behave, stating that even though the Wife of Bath portrays a burning desire for ruling over men, she finds herself using all the gender dominion acquired to provide men with all they long for (Chaucer, 1990). And even though Sophocles shows empathy for Antigone, the author ridicules the manner in which she tries to attain women rights, stating that it is not worthwhile to take away her life because it does not, in any way, add value to her life and to the life of the loved ones in the family setting(Sophocles, 1984). Thus, this makes the authors negative in relation to how women finalized their pursuit of fighting for their rights.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chaucer and Sophocles Views on Gender Equality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Period Most Favorable for Women The Ancient Greek Society, according to Woelfel Trulove (2002), marks a period when women were degraded and mistreated in marriage as well as in the political sphere. The marginalization of women in the family setting was evident from their childhood, and as such, girls were considered as women and given in marriage at a very tender age, putting them at risk of death during child delivery. The elder women were also marginalized within marriage as evidenced by the fact that, besides acquiring inheritance from their brothers, they could not acquire any wealth during marriage, or any inheritance from their husbands, or even handle other jobs apart from the domestic duties. However, even though these women could inherit property from their brothers, such property was entirely controlled by their husband. On the other hand, the Middle Ages period, according to Woelfel Trulove (2002), is marked by an emergence of women’s v oices in an effort to acquire equal opportunities with their male counterpart in marriage as well as in the political sphere. As such, women were given opportunities to work in industries, though they handled unskilled labor, which paid very low wages. Additionally, women were in a position of gaining limited grounds in political as well as in religious sphere. But even though women could marry someone of their choice, their marriage was jeopardized by harsh working conditions, leading to death of many at an early age. The women, however, were entitled to inherit their husband’s property in case they were widowed. Given the difference in status of women during the Ancient Greek period and the Middle Ages period, it is clear that the degree to which women were marginalized is lower in the Middle Ages than in the Ancient Greek period, because majority of women acquired limited freedom in the family setting as well as in the political sphere. Despite the unfavorable working cond itions during the Middle Ages, the right of inheritance freed a number of them from economic hardships, unlike the Ancient Greek period when all women suffered. Conclusion Chaucer and Sophocles works focus on the position of women in the society with regard to their social standing in the family setting. The books express how women were treated in the past, the challenges they faced while fighting for their rights, as well as how they applied partiality while fighting for their rights. Since then, the American women have an urge of protecting their gender and not being classified as weak anymore, as they perceive that doing so enhances their equality with men and gives them an obligation for their family and, indeed, their entire country.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More And while the idea of gender equality is rational for the female gender, remember, too, that it creates a number of dilemmas and pressure, as women have to leave their babies behind without an adequate care in an effort to acquire equal opportunities with their male counterparts. References Chaucer, G. (1990). The Canterbury tales. Toronto: Bantam. Sophocles, A. (1984). The three Theban plays. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books. Woelfel, J. W., Trulove, S. C. (2002). Patterns in Western civilization, Vol.1 (3rd ed.). Needham Heights, Mass: Ginn Press. This essay on Chaucer and Sophocles Views on Gender Equality was written and submitted by user Rudy Watson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Womanist - Alice Walkers Term for Black Feminist

Womanist - Alice Walkers Term for Black Feminist A black feminist or feminist of color, according to Alice Walker, who first publicly used the term; someone who is committed to the wholeness and well-being of all of humanity, male and female.  Womanism identifies and  critically  analyzes  sexism, anti-black racism, and their intersection. Womanism  recognizes the beauty and strength of embodied black womanhood and seeks connections and solidarity  with black men. Womanism identifies and criticizes sexism in the African American community and racism in the feminist community. Origins Alice Walker introduced the word â€Å"womanist† into feminist parlance in her 1983 book In Search of Our Mothers Gardens: Womanist Prose. In the book, she cites the phrase â€Å"acting womanish,† which was said to a child who acted serious, courageous and grown-up rather than girlish. Many women of color in the 1970s had sought to expand the feminism of the Women’s Liberation Movement beyond its concern for the problems of white middle-class women. The adoption of womanist signified an inclusion of race and class issues in feminism. Alice Walker also used womanist to refer to a woman who loves other women, whether platonically or sexually. Walker used examples from history including educator and activist Anna Julia Cooper and abolitionist and womens rights activist Sojourner Truth. She also used examples from current activism and thought, including writers bell hooks and Audre Lorde, as examples of womanists. The term â€Å"womanist† is thus both an alternative to and an expansion of the term â€Å"feminist.† Womanist Theology Womanist theology centers the experience and perspective of black women in research, analysis, and reflection on theology and ethics.  The term arose in the 1980s as more African American women entered the theological field and questioned that white feminist and black male theologians spoke adequately to the particular experience of African American women. Womanist theology, like womanism in general, also looks at the ways in which black women are portrayed in inadequate or biased ways in the works of white women and black men. Quotes About Womanism Alice Walker: Womanist is to feminist as purple is to lavendar. Angela Davis:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"What can we learn from women like Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday that we may not be able to learn from Ida B. Wells, Anna Julia Cooper, and Mary Church Terrell? If we were beginning to appreciate the blasphemies of fictionalized blues women- especially their outrageous politics of sexuality- and the knowledge that might be gleaned from their lives about the possibilities of transforming gender relations within black communities, perhaps we also could benefit from a look at the artistic contributions of the original blues women.† Audre Lorde: But the true feminist deals out of a lesbian consciousness whether or not she ever sleeps with women. Yvonne Aburrow:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The patriarchal/kyriarchal/hegemonic culture seeks to regulate and control the body- especially women’s bodies, and especially black women’s bodies- because women, especially black women, are constructed as the Other, the site of resistance to the kyriarchy. Because our existence provokes fear of the Other, fear of wildness, fear of sexuality, fear of letting go- our bodies and our hair (traditionally hair is a source of magical power) must be controlled, groomed, reduced, covered, suppressed.†Ã‚   Womanist Writings: A Selection bell hooks  Aint I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. 1981.Walker.  In Search of Our Mothers Gardens: Womanist Prose.  1983.Paula J. Giddings.  When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America.  1984.Angela Y. Davis.  Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday.  1998.Barbara Smith.  Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology.  1998.Nyasha Junior.  An Introduction to Womanist Biblical Interpretation. 2015.

English writting and reading experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English writting and reading experience - Essay Example Their childish actions left me feeling depressed and mad. The United States is noted for being a globally diverse country and accepting of cultural diversity as it assimilates into their own culture. However, the way I was being treated and what I saw in the actions of my classmates turned out to be the exact opposite of this idealistic dream. I was not treated with respect at all considering that I was a new foreign student at their school. Later on I realized that I was being ridiculed precisely because of that. I was a foreign student who could not express myself in English fluently. I came from another country whose culture and traditions these students did not understand nor obviously respect. My family has always valued the importance of a good education. We have always given emphasis to reading, comprehension, and writing skills in our learning activities due to its importance in our daily lives and interaction with people. As far back as I can remember, I have always been interested in learning about anything and everything that I could see, hear, or feel. During my educational lifetime, I have met many teachers whose influence on my learning abilities have varied from positive to negative. I have had teachers who influenced and encouraged me to learn as much as I could about certain things, and I had teachers whose strictness and unfriendliness caused me to retreat from learning about certain things altogether. I believe a lot of people have the experience of ridicule at some point in their lives by people who could negatively affect their learning process. People judge and stereotype others based upon their education, property, race and looks, making it difficult for them to control their words and deeds. My parents had been ridiculed during their time as well but they learned from those people who judged them or made fun of them. What my father taught me was that a

Comparative Cybercrime Laws Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Comparative Cybercrime Laws - Research Paper Example To start with, the "global village" or the increased globalization of world trade, involving the need to engage in commerce with nations with unfamiliar legal systems. For another thing, the codification of multilateral associations like the European Union, the African Union, or the Arab League has demanded harmonization of laws of their member states. Moreover, there are publications and Internet resources that assemble legal materials from several jurisdictions, without necessarily undertaking comparisons, but they can be seen as "tools of the trade" for comparative lawyers (Norman 2006). Over the last 100 years, comparative law has emancipated into several distinct branches such as comparative criminal law, comparative tax laws, comparative civil law, comparative administrative law, comparative trade laws, comparative commercial law, comparative cyber laws, Comparative Intellectual Property Law, comparative constitutional law, and comparative constitutional law. According to the prevalent view, Montesquieu is regarded as the 'father' of comparative law. His comparative approach is obvious in the following excerpt from Chapter III of Book I of his masterpiece, De l'esprit des lois: They should be in relation to the climate of each country, to the quality of its soil, to its situation and extent, to the principal occupation of the natives, whether husbandmen, huntsmen, or shepherds: they should have relation to the degree of liberty which the constitution will bear; to the religion of the inhabitants, to their inclinations, riches, numbers, commerce, manners, and customs." Also, in Chapter XI (entitled 'How to compare two different Systems of Laws') of Book XXIX, he advises that 'to determine which of those systems [i.e. the French and English systems for the punishment of false witnesses] is most agreeable to reason, we must take them each as a whole and compare them in their entirety.' Yet another excerpt where Montesquieu's comparative approach is evident is the following one from Chapter XIII of Book XXIX: 'As the civil laws depend on the political institutions, because they are made for the same society, whenever there is a design of adopting the civil law of another nation, it would be proper to examine beforehand whether they have both the same institutions and the same political law.' Applicability of the Comparative Concepts The applicability of comparative concepts is still an open question posed to the discipline of comparative law. Comparative concepts are concepts that are applied in micro-comparative research. They provide with criteria on the basis of which the rules of different legal systems may be compared.

The Political Environment Of Business

The Political Environment Of Business Business environment consists of all those factors that have a bearing on the business, such as the strengths, weaknesses, internal power relations and orientations of the organization; government policies and regulations; nature of the economy and economic conditions; socio-cultural factors; demographic trends; natural factors; and, global trends and cross-border developments. Business Environment Interrelationship Any meaningful organization has certain mission, objectives and goals and a strategy to achieve them. Business environment has a bearing on the shaping of all these integral and interrelated elements. It is, therefore, only very appropriate that formulation of strategy is sometimes defined as establishing a proper firm environment fit. Indeed, the mission /objectives/goals themselves should be based on an assessment of the external environment and the organizational factors (i.e. the internal environment ). A SWOT analysis (analysis of the strength and weaknesses of the organization and opportunities and threats in the environment), therefore is one of the first steps in the strategic management process. Business dynamics , to a large extent , is a dependent factor it depends on , inter alia, the environmental dynamics . hence , the importance of environmental analysis . The external environment has , broadly , two components , i.e., business oppourtinities and threats to business . similarly , the organizational environment has two components : strengths and weaknesses of the organization .thus , strategy formulation is properly pitting th organizational factors (internal environment ) against the opportunities and threats in the external environment . In other words , business decisions are conditioned by two broad sets of factors , i.e., the internal environment and the external environment. Business Decision A SWOT analysis therefore is one of the first steps in strategic management process . business dynamics, to a large extent , is a dependent factor it depends on , inter alia , the environmental dynamics. Hence, there is a importance of environmental analysis . Types of environment On the basis of the extent of intimacy with the firm , the environmental factors may be classified in to different types or levels . as indicated above , there are , broadly two types of environment , the internal environment , i.e., factors internal to the firm and external environment , i.e., factors external to the firm which have relevance to it . The internal factors are generally regarded as controllable factors because the company has a control over these factors ; it can alter or modify such factors as its personnel , physical facilities , organization and functional means , such as marketing mix , to suit the environment . The external factors , on the other hand , are , by and large , beyond the control of a company. The external or environmental factors such as the economic factors , socio-cultural factors , government and legal factors , demographic factors , geo-physical factors etc., are , therefore, generally regarded as uncontrollable factors . It may , however , be noted that a firm may not sometimes have complete control over all the internal factors . also , it is some times possible to change certain external factors. Some of the external factors have a direct and intimate impact on the firm ( like the suppliers and distributors of the firm ) . these factors are classified as micro environment , also known as task environment and operating environment . there are other external factors which affect an industry very generally ( such as industrial policy , demographic factors , etc . ). They constitute what is called macro environment , general environment or remote environment . Business environment Dimock observes : the two most powerful institutions in society today are business and government ; where they meet on common ground-amicably or otherwise together they determine public policy , both foreign and domestic , for a nation The political environment includes factors such as the characteristics and policies of the political parties , the nature of constitution and government system and the government environment encompassing the economic and business policies and regulations . these factors may vary very considerably between different nations , between different provinces of the same nation and also over time. The major economic policy decisions often have political underpinnings. The adoption, in the early 1950s of the principle of socialist pattern of society as the socio-economic philosophy by the congress party, which ruled India until 1995 except for a brief period (1977-1980), was mainly responsible for the public sector dominated development strategy followed in india until the early 1990s. It is indeed the dramatic changes in the political environment in the erstwhile USSR and the East European countries that gave rise to drastic changes in their economic policies in the late 1980s. And these developments have encouraged a revolutionary change in Indias economic policies in 1991. Peter Drucker in the Management Challenges for the 21st century observes : Even within transactional economic units , national politics still over rule economic rationality despite the European economic community, for instance, it has proven all but politically impossible to close a totally redundant plant in Belgium and shift the work to a French plant of the same country only 30 miles away, but on the other side of a national border. Many political decisions have serious economic and business implications. The economic policy of ruling party is very important. In the past communists and other leftists favored state capitalism and were against private capital, particularly foreign. Important economic policies such as industrial policy, policy towards foreign capital and technology, fiscal policy and foreign trade policy are often political decisions. Business is an economic activity. But to be effective, business mangers, must also take into consideration the non-economic environment of business. One should give importance to politico-legal environment of business. The Government is a political institution, but it also serves a social purpose, it formulates and executes social policies , it provides the means of maximizing social benefits and minimizing social costs. In other words, the Government itself has a social value and culture. In the modern world, business of any type any structure and any size is often affected by Government polices, programmes and legislations. The Government has its own form, structure, style and ideology or outlook. Business has to organize its activity, and the businessmen have to define their respective business strategy and business tactics depending upon the nature of the Government at work . In other words, business policy decisions are designed according to the Governments overall policy and environment of the system. The ideology or philosophy or outlook of the government of every country enacts and executes a set of policies and programmes. few of the policies are being executed through legislations. The politico-legal environment constitutes the legislations and enactments, rules and regulations, systems and procedures, policies and plans, statements and announcements, directives and guidelines by the Government . To become a successful manger, one should take into considerati on the political environment of business, and then capitalize on the opportunity available in Business environment. The political environment of business consists of several critical elements, e.g., the nature and form of government, the ideology of the ruling party, the strength of the opposition, the role and responsibility of the bureaucracy, political stability, the effectiveness of the Government, its plans and programmes, the socio-economic legislations, and politico-legal institutions, etc. The political environment of business contains a number of critical elements: The Form Of Government Gone are the days of Laissez fare, government intervention to some extent in business activity every where in the world is a rule rather than an exception. So, the form and structure of the Government is a very crucial and decisive factor for the business sector. Following examples may be cited to illustrate this point. As it is said that in democracy such as in India , we have government of the people, by the people and for the people. Peoples participation is so important that even at the enterprise level, we seek workers participation in management, i.e., industrial democracy . Under a federal form of government, we tend to confine the authority of the Central Government with respect to the functional autonomy of the State Governments and, due to this, we allow both Central as well as State level public enterprises. In the same way, the principle of democratic decentralization, authorize even the local Government to collect some business taxes and spend money on local activities. Thus, the system of government and the structure of administration affects business. And in order to secure maximum favor from the existing Government, businessmen also create their own lobby and this factor partly decides whether the Government adopts pro business or anti business measures. For example , as India is a democratic country (or peoples government) , to help medium and small scale entrepreneurs , it has been undertaking several steps like setting up of banks and financial institutions; formulating various policies and schemes, etc. All such measures are specifically focused towards the promotion and development of medium and small scale entrepreneurs. The government (central and state ) has been taking active steps to promote entrepreneurship in various industry and service sectors. It has declared several policies and also implementing schemes and programmes to enhance the global competitiveness of small enterprises across the country. The Ideology Of The Ruling Party In a democratic set up, like in India, the ideology of the ruling party influences ownership , management structure and size of business. rightist inclination of a ruling party may formulate liberal pro-business policies, whereas a leftist bias of a ruling party will develop measures like nationalization and excessive centralization. So the ideology or outlook of the ruling party may help or hurt the core of business activity. Earlier, our government favored progressive income taxes and opposed unregulated business and finance. In recent years they followed centrist economic and social democratic agenda. But , today our ruling party focuses on neo-liberal policies which includes social liberalism secularism and free enterprise system with government regulations. Under the regime of Mr. P. V. Narasimham Rao and then finance minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, significant economic reforms were initiated and more stress was given on efficiency rather than equity considerations. This affected the work ethos in the day to day operations of public enterprises. In 1991 congress with its alliance introduced New Economic Policy in which they welcome the idea of privatization , which was discontinued by the BJP government under the leadership of then prime minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee . In 2004, again the privatization came into existence with the emergence of congress party. The Strength Of Opposition In a democracy opposition plays as vital role as the government. a government to work in a proper way and according to the will of the people, equally strong and sensible opposition is requisition. an opposition like this leads to the success of democracy like in England which the oldest democracy of the word. Usually , there is one strong political party is opposition which is the strength of democracy in that country. Under the two-party system, the party which gets an absolute majority forms the Government. Under the multi-party system, the party which gets a relative majority forms the Government with the collaboration or support of some other political parties. Others which do not command majority form the Opposition. The strength of the Opposition very often depends on whether or not the Opposition parties are united or divided. They may be ideological differences between parties but the Opposition must act as a whole, and the parties must rise above their ideological differences and should judge every move of the ruling party critically. in India there are a number of opposition parties. The effective working of opposition in democracy is very important. The opposition fastens the growth of the county and slow down its growth by untimely agitations. For example, the violent agitations in Gujarat, Bihar, Assam and Punjab resulted in great loss of life and propensity and failed entirely to gain their objectives which affects the working of business entities. So if the Opposition is fair, firm and consistent, it can make constructive criticism of Government polices affecting business. As a result, the Government cannot afford to act irresponsibly with regard to the business sector in the economy. Recently also, the Governments policy of foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail is wrongly criticized due to political reasons by opposition. Such kind of destructive approach is against the national interest. So in a democracy, an effective Opposition is as crucial as Government to protect, promote and regulate business in the best interest of society. Role And Responsibility Of Bureaucracy In any country , Government works through the bureaucracy. In a democratic set up, different parties may be voted in or out of the Government as and when elections are held. Even if the same party rules, thee is no guarantee that the same person will hold charge of a Ministry. Ministers change from time to time, but Government administration must continue without any break. This is where the bureaucracy comes in. bureaucracy is the permanent machinery of the Government, it is meant to keep the flow in Government operations in relation to both business and non-business sectors. In a system where the Government controls and regulates the business extensively, the bureaucracy is very powerful in enforcing Government rules and regulations, systems and procedures, licenses and restrictions. So the Businessmen, should, tend to oblige the bureaucracy in a number of ways. Role of bureaucracy in a country like India which is a developing country are: Policy Formulation- Formulation of Policy is the crucial function of political leaders or members. But the executives also have to play a vital role in it. They advise the ministers in policy making . Political leaders or members being amateurs cannot understand the technical complexities of laws and policies and hence depend upon the expert advice of professional civil executives. Policy Implementation This is the most essential and fundamental function of civil servants. They formulate and execute laws and policies to attain the goals of welfare state that is social equity, economic development, growth and so on Delegated Legislation- This is a quasi legislative function performed by the civil executives. Due to unavailability of time, pressure of work and increased complexities of legislation the legislative makes laws in raw form and delegate its power to the civil executives to make the full fledge bill . so in this sense civil executive makes bills ,rules and regulations, but within the boundary of the parent law that is enacted by the legislature. Delegated legislation is also known as executive legislation or subordinate legislation. Administrative Adjudication- This is a quasi judicial function performed by the civil executives. The civil executives settle disputes between the citizens and the state. There are Administrative Tribunals with judges who solves this dispute among citizens and the state. Examples of some of the tribunals in India are : the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Industrial Tribunals, Rent Tribunals and Railway Rates Tribunals. These tribunal functions beyond the ordinary court system. In addition to the above, the civil executives also performs the following functions-Administrative planning, administration of public enterprises ,handling financial operations etc. When the Government introduced liberalization in 1991 i.e., relaxation of rules and regulations, streamlining of systems and procedures, control turns out to be redundant and meaningless. At that time the bureaucracy finds that it is going to loose its age old role and responsibility of enforcing controls, as the same has happened with economic reforms. Powerlessness is a terrible situation for the bureaucracy. So they opposed towards liberalization. The bureaucracy enjoys imposition and execution of controls and regulations and the subject of controls and regulations had profound implications for business. For example, professional management of quite a few of our public enterprises has become a perpetual tussle between bureaucrats and technocrats. Politico-legal institutions Business and economic policies are statutorily enforced through laws. Various socio-economic legislations are subject to business operation which constitutes the legal environment. In todays scenario there are so many laws that are prevailing which can affects the business operations and it is required by the modern businessmen to have a basic knowledge regarding law and he needs legal advice constantly. Today business is more a kind of a legal contract rather than a social contract. Business laws are numerous in number and various in form. The laws are enacted to protect the business interests of various groups in society. The laws are needed to protect consumers, workers, mangers, owners, shareholders and society at large. There are many business legislations such as MRTP,FERA, IDRA etc. The order is maintained in the industrial economy through the above said legislations . Industrial order and harmony is essential for survival and expansion of business. Laws are not only meant to protect the business but sometimes it also creates the business. for example in Tax laws , more the number of operations of business ,the more the complications of tax laws the more will be the business of tax consultants. Thus economic legislations and business environment are interdependent on each other. Last but not the least, the legal institutions also plays a crucial role as a part of the noneconomic environment of business. The organs of the Government effects functioning of the legislative, executive and judicial business environment directly and indirectly in all manners. The above said organs run through organizations and institutions. The judiciary functions through organizations and institutions. For example, in India the judiciary runs through the Supreme Court, the High Courts and the lower courts. Unless these courts function efficiently, adjudication of business matters, will be at stake. For example , unless the police department acts with vigilance, the economic offences in a country will increase. The successful operation of business depends upon cooperation and coordination between number of Government departments like DGTD, DGS D BPE, etc. Sometimes, business suffers because of inter-ministerial or inter-departmental conflict. To avoid this kind of conflict, very often coordinating cells are created. Efficient working of the cells will helps in running business prosperously without constraints, otherwise, red-tapism, procedural delay, excessive centralization, lack of dedication and absence of departmental coordination will frustrate business activity.

Attitude Persuasion

Introduction: The word attitude  is an expression of favor or disfavor toward a person, place, thing, or event. Prominent psychologist  Gordon Allport  (1935) once described attitude â€Å"the most distinctive and indispensable concept in contemporary  psychology†. The words  attitude  and  persuasion  are often found together, as in the phrase  persuasion and attitude change. Persuasion is an attempt to change people's attitudes. For example, advertisers try to persuade potential customers to buy a product. To do this, they try to create a positive attitude toward the product.Social psychologists have emphasized that an attitude is  preparation for behavior. Otherwise, nobody would care about attitudes. An advertiser would not try to make you feel more â€Å"positive† or â€Å"liking† toward a product unless this was assumed to affect your likelihood of buying the product. Attitude as an inward feeling expressed by outward behavior. People al ways project on the outside what they feel on the inside. But some people try to mask their attitude. You have developed attitudes about such issues, and these attitudes influence your beliefs as well as your behavior.Attitudes are an important topic of study within the field of  social psychology. What exactly is an attitude? How does it develop? Studies show that how psychologists define this concept, how attitudes influence our behavior and things we can do to change attitudes. Definitions i. A settled way of thinking or feeling typically reflected in a person's behavior. A position of the body proper to or implying an action or mental state: â€Å"the boy was standing in an attitude of despair†. ii.Attitude is â€Å"a relatively enduring organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, events or symbols† (Hogg & Vaughan 2005, p. 150) iii. â€Å"A psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a pa rticular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor† (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993, p. 1) Explanation An attitude is a cognition (form of thought) that is formed through experience and influences our behavior. The fact that attitudes are  formed through experience  means that we can, potentially, change them. When a ersuader gives a message to an audience member, that message becomes part of the listener’s experience, and it can affect his or her attitudes. The fact that attitudes  influence our behavior  means that we can use persuasion as a means to achieve our goals — when the behavior, or actions, or others can help attain those goals. Attitudes have two basic components: beliefs and values. Beliefs are, roughly, statements of facts. Beliefs are potentially verifiable. We say a belief is true or correct when it seems to reflect the world and false or incorrect when it seems contradicted by the world.Values are judgments of worth, like good or bad, useful o r useless, expensive or cheap, efficient or inefficient. Together, these cognitions (thoughts), beliefs and values, form attitudes. (M. Clubertson, 1968)Attitudes are learned from experience and also influence our behavior. A person’s attitude is a composite of all the relevant belief/value pairs, with the more important ones influencing the attitude more. You can change a person’s attitude by changing either the belief or the value (but not both), or by creating new belief/value pairs (or by changing the relative importance of belief/value pairs).Persuasion is, quite simply, the use of messages to influence an audience. The messages that make up persuasive discourse are  instrumental, or means to ends or goals of the persuader. Companies use persuasion in the form of advertising to convince consumers to buy their products or services. Students use persuasion to convince their parents to increase their allowance, or let them go to see a particular movie, or to let th em use the car. Parents can use persuasion to get their children to study or to clean up their rooms.People use persuasion to get their friends to go to see a certain movie, or a band, or to hang out at the mall. Persuasion can convince another person to go out on a date. It can convince a teacher to accept a paper after the due date. Of course, people can also use  threats  to get what they want, but that is not persuasion. In persuasion, we try to convince the audience that they should want to do what we want them to do–not that they should do it â€Å"or else. † One of the most powerful influences on attitude change is the motivation of people.Cognitive dissonance Cognitive dissonance  is a phenomenon in which a person experiences psychological distress due to conflicting thoughts or beliefs. In order to reduce this tension, people may change their attitudes to reflect their other beliefs or actual behaviors. What all the definitions of attitude have in common is  evaluation. An attitude is not just a neutral stance; it is a value judgment, favorable or unfavorable, or likely to affect persuasion: characteristics of the  communicator, the  communication, and the  situation.People can be inoculated against attempts at persuasion and propaganda by exposing them to weak attacks and teaching them how to respond. (D. Crano, 2005) Cognitive dissonance theory emerged in the 1950s and had a large impact on social psychology. It is based on the assumption that people seek consistency between their behavior and their attitudes. If forced to do something that contradicts their value judgments or opinions, people feel  dissonance  and are motivated to change either attitudes or behavior, to bring them into consonance (agreement) with one another.That makes the theory especially interesting and useful. A central question for Dissonance researcher has been the motivational bases for dissonance and the causes of the aversive state of disson ance arousal. In Aronson’s(1992) self concept analysis, dissonance arises from the inconsistent cognitions that threaten consistency, stability, predictability, competence and moral goodness of self concept. In Steele’s(1988) self affirmation Theory, dissonance arises from general self integrity.Stone and cooper(Peety and Wegener 1998) Proposed that dissonance arise when people fail to behave in a manner consistent with some valued self-standard. the specific motivation behind the dissonance supposedly depend on the type of self standard involved. Cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger, 1957) Festinger’s version of balance theory, called cognitive dissonance theory, suggests that when people have in mind two or more inconsistent thoughts or beliefs, they experience a state of  dissonance.This ‘negative drive state’ is unpleasant, so they are motivated to try to reduce it by altering one or more of the cognitions in order to re-establish a state of   consonance. Cognitive dissonance  is a term used in modern  psychology  to describe the feeling of discomfort when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting  cognitions: ideas, beliefs, values or emotional reactions. In a state of dissonance, people may sometimes feel â€Å"disequilibrium†: frustration, hunger, dread, guilt, anger, embarrassment, anxiety, etc. Cognitive dissonance is one of the most influential and extensively studied theories in social psychology.The theory of cognitive dissonance in  social psychology  proposes that people have a  motivational drive  to reduce dissonance by altering existing cognitions, adding new ones to create a consistent belief system, or alternatively by reducing the importance of any one of the dissonant elements. It is the distressing mental state that people feel when they â€Å"find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions the y hold. †Ã‚  A key assumption is that people want their expectations to meet reality, creating a sense of equilibrium.Likewise, another assumption is that a person will avoid situations or information sources that give rise to feelings of uneasiness, or dissonance. Bogardus Social Distance scale For Bogardus â€Å"an attitude is a tendency to act toward or against something in the environment which becomes thereby a positive or negative value. â€Å"Conducted a monumental study on â€Å"social distance â€Å"still used the world over to examine cultural and ethnic attitudes. The Bogardus Social Distance scale measures attitudes about how close or distant people feel towards other people.Early in twentieth century E. S bogardus invented bogardus social distance scale is a technique for scaling attitude to measure social-psychology distance between various ethnic and racial groups Social Distance Scale  (Bogardus, 1925) is where attitudes are inferred from the actions of t he participant. The participant indicates the degree of intimacy which would be acceptable towards an individual or group, e. g. , ‘Would you live next door to one? ’ Each question has a value assigned it, and the sum of these will indicate the strength of attitudeConclusion Hence we conclude that an attitude can be a positive or negative evaluation of people, objects, event, activities, ideas, or just about anything in your environment, but there is debate about precise definitions. Persuasion is a powerful force in daily life and has a major influence on society as a whole. For example Politics, legal decisions, mass media, news and advertising are all influenced by the power of persuasion, and influence us in turn. What all the definitions of attitude have in common is  evaluation.An attitude is not just a neutral stance; it is a value judgment, favorable or unfavorable, for or ikely to affect persuasion: characteristics of the  communicator, the  communication , and the  situation. People can be inoculated against attempts at persuasion and propaganda by exposing them to weak attacks and teaching them how to respond. REFERENCES Crano, W. (2005). Attitude and Persuasion. California: Claremont Graduate University. Clubertson, H. (1968). Attitudes. Journal of Cooperative Extension, 79. Murchinson,C. (1985). Handbook of Social Psychology. Clark University Press .

What Does Help in Essay Writing Mean?

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Poverty Is The Most Far Reaching Social Problem - 847 Words

Poverty is the most far reaching social problem that the population of the world faces today. Poverty does not discriminate against race or age. History has show that even social classes living above the poverty line are not safe from the treat of poverty(Meissnerd). A social problem is defined as a condition that undermines the well-being of some or all members of a society and is usually a matter of public controversy(Macionis).† Poverty is defined as the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions (Merriam-Webster). Poverty can cause the wellbeing of children and adults to suffer from lack of necessities and comforts. We will look in depth at the how poverty has been defined, perceived, socially constructed, and shaped by claims making on the national, state and local level. We will also consider how this condition has been approached by sociology, viewed politically, and dealt with through government policy (Robinson). Poverty in the United States In America, 15% of the population lives under the poverty line. The poverty line is a calculated amount that an individual or family should make to maintain housing, food and basic necessities; the poverty line is used by the government to track the poor (Macionis). About 20% of those under the poverty level, which is 5% of the total population, would be considered living in deep poverty with a large poverty gap. When families or individuals fit into the category of deepShow MoreRelatedSolving Poverty : A Widespread Disease930 Words   |  4 PagesRavi Parashar Ms. Thompson AP Lang 1B March 12, 2014 Final Draft Steps to Solving Poverty Poverty is a widespread disease, afflicting about 3 billion people around the world, that can be cured by taking effective measures. However, it seems incurable by the sheer amount of people affected by it and the convoluted, multifaceted reasons it is caused. This horrible affliction has perhaps hit developing countries the hardest, where around 98% of the undernourished children reside, creating an atmosphereRead MoreSolutions to Poverty Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is a major problem in the United States today. Social, economical, political, and cultural factors all contribute to poverty. Education and economic development are two major issues that will help prevent poverty. The United States Census Bureau defines poverty as an economic condition in which people lack sufficient income to obtain basic needs for food, housing, clothing, health services and education. In other words, poverty is powerlessness, a lack of representation and freedom. PovertyRead MoreThe Relat ionship between Poverty and Crime879 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Poverty and the relationship it has to crime is a long standing sociological, humanists and historical phenomenon. 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